What's at stake:
Fire season has begun. Here is a guide on how to protect yourself from wildfire smoke.
The Fresno June Lightning Complex Fire has charred over 9,000 acres since Monday’s lightning storm ignited at a string of blazes in eastern Fresno County — but its scale pales in comparison to the catastrophic Creek Fire that ravaged the region in 2020.
As of Thursday, the lightning-caused blazes southeast of Pine Flat Dam were only 29% contained, according to fire officials. The Bolt Fire accounts for 5,358 of the burned acres, while the Flash Fire has consumed another 3,600.
Evacuations have been ordered across a 20-square-mile area as firefighters battle the flames amid hot, dry, and windy conditions. A crew of more than 1,000 personnel is working to control the fire, but low humidity and strong gusts were expected to continue through Wednesday. Despite the threat, forecasts suggest a potential decline in fire activity in the coming days in the Sierras and the foothills.
On Wednesday, Fresno County activated its “emergency operations center” to help coordinate communication and service for firefighters and evacuees. Authorities established an emergency shelter at Reedley College Gymnasium, 995 N. Reed Ave., in Reedley.
“Small pets are welcome at the shelter,” authorities said in a news release, “families are advised to bring their pets’ food, supplies and carriers.”
Large animals should be transported to the Fresno County Fairgrounds. If you need assistance transporting animals, Fresno County asks you to follow the prompts at this link.
While a serious threat, the June Lightning Complex has grown at a considerably slower pace than the infamous Creek Fire near Shaver Lake in September 2020. Propelled by fire tornadoes and hurricane-force winds, the Creek Fire exploded to 175,893 acres within a week, claiming the title of California’s largest single wildfire. It would burn until Christmas Eve.
In contrast, the June Lightning Complex has scorched a little more than 9,000 acres since Monday. Statewide wildfire activity remains average for this time of year, according to federal data.
Use Fresnoland’s wildfire smoke forecast system to protect yourself
As the blaze rages on, however, health experts are sounding the alarm about the dangers posed by wildfire smoke, particularly to vulnerable groups like children and pregnant women.
Fresnoland’s wildfire smoke forecast system, gathered from federal weather models, showed the fire’s smoke drifting to the east, away from Fresno.
However, if the weather turns, or more fires start, we will provide the most up-to-date smoke forecast information. Fresno residents will need to take steps to ensure they are protected from wildfire smoke pollution.
Fresnoland has compiled everything you need to know about wildfire smoke and how to protect your health during this wildfire season.
What Are the Health Impacts of Wildfire Smoke?
Wildfire smoke contains PM2.5 particles, which include chemicals that cause damage to every organ in the human body. Breathing PM2.5 pollution is linked to brain inflammation, impaired cognitive functioning, emergency-room visits, early-onset Alzheimer’s and premature death.
A study estimated that wildfire pollution is 10 times more toxic than regular air pollution, and even short-term exposure to smoke was found to cause hard-to-reverse changes to how DNA works in young adults.
Breathing in wildfire smoke can also make you more vulnerable to other ailments and diseases. For example, a recent study from Science, one of the world’s top science journals, estimates that 2020’s Creek Fire caused a 45% increase in COVID deaths in Fresno because wildfire smoke stresses and weakens the body’s immune system.
Pregnant women and children are especially sensitive to the toxic effects of wildfire smoke and should take protective measures whenever possible.
Due to their higher exposures and developing bodies, children suffer lifelong consequences from PM2.5 pollution, including altered brain structure, increased risk for autism, depression, schizophrenia and suicide later in life, obesity, and asthma. Even small increases in PM2.5 exposure can increase children’s risk for self-harm by 42% later in life.
Brain health is probably even more impacted by wildfire smoke than regular air pollution. A study by the California Air Resources Board also found that in addition to PM2.5, wildfire smoke contains other toxic chemicals such as high levels of lead, which is catastrophic for the brain development of babies and children.
Pregnant women benefit from every protective measure against wildfire smoke exposure. Maternal exposure to toxic air has serious health impacts on the fetus. The tiny particles in PM2.5 pollution have been found to sediment in the placenta and increase the risk for fetal death.
Women who breathe high pollution levels during pregnancy give birth to children with higher rates of health problems like pediatric leukemia, kidney cancer, eye tumors, and heart malformations.
How To Protect Yourself From Wildfire Smoke
Reducing the amount of smoke you breathe is the main goal of any protective measure. This can be done through three actions:
1. Indoor Air Filters
Air filters are rated by so-called MERV levels. A MERV-13 filter, for instance, captures more pollutants than a MERV-11.
According to experiments conducted in 2022 by the Central California Asthma Collaborative, your filter should be rated at least a MERV-11. “Any filter rated under a MERV-11 is simply not going to keep you safe from wildfire smoke in your home,” said Kevin Hamilton, co-director of the Central California Asthma Collaborative.
While MERV-11 filters are OK at filtering wildfire smoke, Hamilton says MERV-13/14 filters offer superior protection.
Replace these filters once a month during wildfire season.
- If your AC motor is older than 10-15 years old, buy a MERV-11 filter.
- If your AC motor is less than 10 years old, buy a MERV-13/14 filter.
Adding a HEPA filter to your car can be helpful too. Replace every three months. Run AC on recirculate.
2. N95 Masks
When you have to go outside when smoke is in the air, wearing a well-fitting N95 mask is essential.
N95 masks cost between 70 cents and $1.10 per mask. Replace your N95 mask once a week during wildfire season.
To make sure the mask is sealed on your face, see here.
3. Outdoor Activity
Avoid outdoor activity when the AQI is greater than 80-100 or when the PM2.5 concentration is over 25. People under the age of 18 should avoid sports and recess when the AQI is over 80.
Check PurpleAir (AQI) for real-time air quality information in Fresno before going outside.
Family Buying Guide
Assuming wildfire season goes from August to November, keeping your family safe from wildfire smoke will cost between $160 and $240 for N95 masks and AC filters. Add an additional $100-600 if you want the extra protection of a HEPA filter.
$ — $40/month + $100 upfront
Adult Mask: 3M vFlex $6/month (assumes two adults, using one mask each per week)
Child Mask: Savewo Small KN94 (2-6), Dr. Puri Sm. KN94 (6-9), Savewo Lrg KN94 (7-13) $19 / month (assumes two kids, using two masks each per week.)
AC Filter: MERV-11 filter 1 / month $15/month
HEPA for bedroom/living room: Medify Air or Dreo Air.
$$ — $50/month + $200 upfront
Adult Mask: 3M Aura $9/month (assumes two adults, using one mask each per week)
Child Mask: Savewo Small KN94 (2-6), Dr. Puri Sm. KN94 (6-9), Savewo Lrg KN94 (7-13) $19 / month (assumes two kids, using two masks each per week)
AC Filter: MERV-13 filter: 1x month $20/month
HEPA filter for living room: Winnix 5500-2
$$$ — $60/month + $800 upfront
Adult Masks: Flomask $180 upfront, $8/month for filters
Child Masks: Savewo Small KN94 (2-6), Dr. Puri Sm. KN94 (6-9), Savewo Lrg KN94 (7-13) $19 / month (assumes two kids, using two masks each per week.)
AC Filter: MERV-14 filter 1 / month $30/month
HEPA filter for living room: Medify air MA-112 or BlueAir 680i
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